Now i wish you can learn more about the adjectives so i make it more easier for you to learn.
There are two types of adjectives in Japanese: i-adjectivesand na-adjectives. I-adjectives all end in "~ i," though they never end in "~ ei" (e.g. "kirei" is not an i-adjective.)
Japanese adjectives differ from their English counterparts. Although Japanese adjectives have functions to modify nouns like English adjectives, they also function as verbs when used as predicates. For example, "takai（高い）" in the sentence "takai kuruma （高い車）" means, "expensive". "Takai（高い）" of "kono kuruma wa takai （この車は高い）" means not just "expensive" but "is expensive". When i-adjectives are used as predicates, they may be followed by "~ desu（～です）" to indicate a formal style. "Takai desu （高いです）" also means, "is expensive" but it is more formal than "takai （高い）".
Here are lists of common i-adjectives and na-adjectives.
Common I-Adjectives
| atarashii 新しい | new | furui 古い | old |
| atatakai 暖かい | warm | suzushii 涼しい | cool |
| atsui 暑い | hot | samui 寒い | cold |
| oishii おいしい | delicious | mazui まずい | bad tasting |
| ookii 大きい | big | chiisai 小さい | small |
| osoi 遅い | late, slow | hayai 早い | early, quick |
| omoshiroi 面白い | interesting, funny | tsumaranai つまらない | boring |
| kurai 暗い | dark | akarui 明るい | bright |
| chikai 近い | near | tooi 遠い | far |
| nagai 長い | long | mijikai 短い | short |
| muzukashii 難しい | difficult | yasashii 優しい | easy |
| ii いい | good | warui 悪い | bad |
| takai 高い | tall, expensive | hikui 低い | low |
| yasui 安い | cheap | wakai 若い | young |
| isogashii 忙しい | busy | urusai うるさい | noisy |
Common Na-Adjectives
| ijiwaruna 意地悪な | mean | shinsetsuna 親切な | kind |
| kiraina 嫌いな | distasteful | sukina 好きな | favorite |
| shizukana 静かな | quiet | nigiyakana にぎやかな | lively |
| kikenna 危険な | dangerous | anzenna 安全な | safe |
| benrina 便利な | convenient | fubenna 不便な | inconvenient |
| kireina きれいな | pretty | genkina 元気な | healthy, well |
| jouzuna 上手な | skillful | yuumeina 有名な | famous |
| teineina 丁寧な | polite | shoujikina 正直な | honest |
| gankona 頑固な | stubborn | hadena 派手な | showy |
Modifying Nouns
When used as modifiers of nouns, both i-adjectives and na-adjectives take the basic form, and precede nouns just like in English.
| I-Adjectives | chiisai inu 小さい犬 | small dog |
| takai tokei 高い時計 | expensive watch | |
| Na-Adjectives | yuumeina gaka 有名な画家 | famous painter |
| sukina eiga 好きな映画 | favorite movie |
I-Adjectives as Predicates
As mentioned on the previous page, adjectives can function like verbs. Therefore, they conjugate just like verbs (but probably much more simply).
| Informal | Present Negative | Replace the final ~ i with ~ ku nai |
| Past | Replace the final ~ i with ~ katta | |
| Past Negative | Replace the final ~ i with ~ ku nakatta | |
| Formal | Add ~desu to all of the informal forms. | |
| There is also a variation in the formal negative forms. * Negative: Replace ~i with ~ku arimasen * Past Negative: Add ~ deshita to ~ku arimasen These negative forms are considered slightly more polite than others. | ||
Here is how the adjective "takai (expensive)" is conjugated.
| Informal | Formal | |
| Present | takai 高い | takai desu 高いです |
| Present Negative | takaku nai 高くない | takaku nai desu 高くないです takaku arimasen 高くありません |
| Past | takakatta 高かった | takakatta desu 高かったです |
| Past Negative | takaku nakatta 高くなかった | takaku nakatta desu 高くなかったです takaku arimasen deshita 高くありませんでした |
There is only one exception to the rule of i-adjectives, which is "ii (good)". "Ii" derives from "yoi," and its conjugation is mostly based on "yoi".
| Informal | Formal | |
| Present | ii いい | ii desu いいです |
| Present Negative | yoku nai 良くない | yoku nai desu 良くないです yoku arimasen 良くありません |
| Past | yokatta 良かった | yokatta desu 良かったです |
| Past negative | yoku nakatta 良くなかった | yoku nakatta desu 良くなかったです yoku arimasen deshita 良くありませんでした |
Na-Adjectives as Predicates
They are called na-adjectives because "~ na" marks this group of adjectives when directly modifying noun (e.g. yuumeina gaka). Unlike i-adjectives, na-adjectives cannot be used as predicates themselves. When a na-adjective is used as a predicate, the final "na" is deleted and followed by either "~ da" or "~ desu (in formal speech)". As with nouns, "~ da" or "~ desu" changes its form to express the past tense, the negative, and the affirmative.
| Informal | Formal | |
| Present | yuumei da 有名だ | yuumei desu 有名です |
| Present Negative | yuumei dewa nai 有名ではない | yuumei dewa arimasen 有名ではありません |
| Past | yuumei datta 有名だった | yuumei deshita 有名でした |
| Past negative | yuumei dewa nakatta 有名ではなかった | yuumei dewa arimasen deshita 有名ではありませんでした |
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